It is used to expressed an action which happened or
completed in past but usually the action which happened or completed at a short
time before now (near past) not a very long time before now. Specific time such
as two years ago, last week or that day is usually not used in the sentences of
in this tense. It means that this tense expresses the action whose time when it
happened, is not exactly specified but it sounds to refer to some action that
happened or completed in near past.
Rules: Auxiliary verb “has or have” is used in sentence.
3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence.
Sentence
Structure
Positive Sentence
•
Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + Subject
•
Subject + has/have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject
If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name”
then auxiliary verb “has” is used after subject in sentence.
If subject is “You, They or plural” then auxiliary verb
“have” is used after subject in sentence.
Examples
I have eaten
meal
She has learnt
a lesson
Negative Sentence
• Subject
+ Auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + Subject
• Subject
+ has/have + NOT + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject
Rules for using auxiliary verb “has or have” in negative
sentence are same as mentioned above.
Examples
I have not eaten
meal.
She has not learnt a
lesson.
Interrogative
Sentences
•
Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb (past participle) + Subject
•
Has/have + Subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb. If the
subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then the sentence starts with
auxiliary verb “has”.
If subject is “You, They or plural” then the sentence
starts with auxiliary verb “have”.
Examples
Have I eaten meal?
Has she learnt a
lesson?
Examples
Positive Sentences
They
have gone to school.
They
have bought a new car.
I
have started a job
It
has rained.
The
guests have arrived
John
has left for home.
You
have told a lie.
Negative Sentences
They have
not gone to school.
They have
not bought a new car.
I have
not started a job
It has not
rained.
The
guests have not arrived.
John has
not left for home.
You have
not told a lie.
Negative
Sentences
Have they gone
to school?
Have they
bought a new car?
Have I started
a job?
Has it rained?
Have the guests
arrived?
Has John left
for home?
Have
you told a lie?
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