It is used to express an action which has occurred in
past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before
another action in past.
For example,
I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this
sentence refers to a completed action in past and especially a long time ago)
I had gone before the bus came. (The first part of
sentence “I had gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an
action which occurred before another action in past which is “the bus came”.
The second part “the bus came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a
sentence which express an action in past before another action in past
comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect
tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb
“had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main
verb in sentence
Sentence Structure
Positive sentence
• Subject
+ auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Subject
+ had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples.
He had taken the exam
last year
A thief had stolen my
watch.
Negative sentence
• Subject
+ auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
•Subject
+ had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
“Not” is written after auxiliary verb
in negative sentence.
Examples.
He had not
taken the exam last year
A thief had not
stolen my watch.
Interrogative
sentence
• Auxiliary
verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
• Had + subject
+ 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence
starts with auxiliary verb “had”
Examples.
Had he taken the exam
last year
Had a thief stolen my
watch?
Examples
Positive sentences
They had visited a
doctor.
He had slept.
I had finished
my work last year.
It had rained
heavily last month.
The film had started
before we reached cinema.
Negative sentences
They had not visited
a doctor.
He had not slept.
I had not finished my
work last year.
It had not rained
heavily last month.
The film had not
started before we reached cinema.
Interrogative
sentences
Had they visited a
doctor?
Had he slept?
Had I finished my
work last year?
Had it rained heavily
last month?
Had the film started
before we reached cinema.
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